Everything about James Saumarez 1st Baron De Saumarez totally explained
James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez or Sausmarez,
GCB (
11 March 1757–
9 October 1836) was an
admiral of the British
Royal Navy, notable for his victory at the
Battle of Algeciras.
Early life
He was born at
St Peter Port,
Guernsey to an old island family, the de Sausmarez. Many of his ancestors had distinguished themselves in the naval service, and he entered it as
midshipman at the age of thirteen.
Naval Service
Upon joining the navy he dropped the second 's' to become de Saumarez. For his bravery at the attack of
Charleston in
1776 on board
HMS Bristol he was raised to the rank of
lieutenant, and he was promoted
commander for his gallant services at the
Battle of Dogger Bank,
5 August 1781, when he was wounded.
Commanding
HMS Russell (74 guns), he contributed to
Rodney's victory over
de Grasse at the
Battle of the Saintes on (12th of April 1782).
For the capture of
La Reunion, a French frigate, in 1793, he was knighted. While in command of a small squadron he was on
5 June 1794 attacked by a superior French force on the way from
Plymouth to Guernsey, but succeeded in gaining a safe anchorage in Guernsey harbour. After being promoted to
HMS Orion, 74, in 1795, he took part in the defeat of the French fleet at the
Battle of Groix off
Lorient, on the 22nd of June, distinguished himself in the
Battle of Cape St. Vincent in February 1797, and was present at the blockade of
Cadiz from February 1797 to April 1798, and at the
Battle of the Nile, where he was wounded.
On his return from Egypt he received the command of
HMS Caesar, 80, with orders to watch the French fleet off
Brest during the winters of 1799 and 1800. In 1801 he was raised to the rank of
Rear Admiral of the Blue, was created a baronet, and received the command of a small squadron which was destined to watch the movements of the Spanish fleet at Cadiz. Between the 6th and 12th of July he performed a brilliant piece of service, in which after a first repulse at
Algeciras he routed a much superior combined force of French and Spanish ships at the
Battle of Algeciras. For his services Saumarez received the
order of the Bath and the
freedom of the City of London. In 1803 he received a pension of £1200 a year.
On the outbreak of the war with
Russia in
1809 he was given command of the Baltic fleet. He held it during the wars preceding the fall of
Napoleon, and his tact was conspicuously shown towards the government of Sweden at the crisis of the invasion of Russia.
Charles XIII bestowed on him the grand cross of the military
Order of the Sword.
At the Peace of 1814 he attained the rank of Admiral; and in 1819 he was made
Rear-Admiral of the United Kingdom, in 1821
Vice-Admiral of the United Kingdom. He was raised to the peerage as
Baron de Saumarez in 1831, and died at Guernsey in 1836. In celebration of de Saumarez's achievements there's a statue of him in the
National Maritime Museum in London.
Further Information
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